Introduction
Proxy wars were strongly present in the period of the Cold War between the Western camp led by the United States of America and the socialist camp led by the Soviet Union, after that the reliance on proxy wars decreased to leave its place to set direct strategies, but during recent years proxy wars have returned strongly due to the new clash. Between global powers or regional powers.
International and regional powers intertwine in managing proxy wars when competition between them intensifies for influence in vital regions of the world, bearing in mind that these forces do not, in fact, want to engage in direct wars and clashes. In the Middle East region, the proxy war has become the main feature that prevails in recent times, especially in the countries of Iraq, Syria and Libya, which has considerably deepened the worsening situation in these countries and greatly complicated the chances of resolving their existing political crises between their conflicting parties. Internally, which had its negative consequences and consequences on the humanitarian situation, and the human rights situation in these countries, as was evident in the perpetrators of a series of widespread violations of the rules of international humanitarian law and the rules of international human rights law, which was evident in These parties commit crimes that amount to war crimes and crimes against humanity, such as the deliberate extrajudicial killing of civilians, indiscriminate and disproportionate attacks on civilian and vital targets and objects, and forcible arrest and arbitrary detention, torture and other forms of cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment and that are detrimental to human dignity.
In the context of identifying the repercussions of the proxy war on the human rights situation in the countries of the Middle East, we should address the concept of proxy war from the legal point of view, what we mean here by the concept of proxy war, that war that breaks out between several states or external parties in a country predominantly This is done indirectly through the support of these external parties to various organizations, militias, or groups that work fully in the interest of the supporting parties in order to achieve strategic interests in the country in conflict and in such a way that these external parties or states undertake to secure salaries and finance military expenditures for the parties. Conflicting and providing weapons and possibly logistical and informational support. Hence, it can be said that the proxy war is a form of state intervention in the affairs of another state, by supporting rebel armed groups, with the aim of fueling non-international armed conflicts or to perpetuate armed conflicts that are already in place, with the aim of influencing the internal reality of that state, in order to achieve interests A long-term strategy without this country appearing as a direct intervention in the conflict.
In this context, we will deal in this report with the proxy war and its impact on the human rights situation in the Middle East region with a focus on the countries of Iraq, Syria and Libya, through a number of axes as follows:
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