Introduction:

When the adoption of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights was raised for discussion, some member states of the United Nations at that time, such as Mexico and Cuba, proposed granting the right to obtain effective compensation by seeking justice mechanisms, for every person in his own country or in another country if he is an immigrant or a refugee. The American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man, adopted in April 1948, that is, before the adoption of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights issued on December 10, 1948, served as a reference upon which these countries built their proposals.

 Indeed, the proposal of these countries was approved, and Article 8 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights was devoted to the issue of resorting to national courts to seek redress and compensation in the event of violation of the rights contained in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Within the framework of the 50×30 Human Rights for All campaign, which was launched by Maat for Peace, Development and Human Rights on the sidelines of International Human Rights Day on December 10, 2022, and which will continue until December 10, 2023, the date of the seventy-fifth anniversary of the adoption of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, and within the framework of the definition With Article 8 of the Declaration, Maat has worked to issue this brief booklet listing a set of challenges that prevent the implementation of this article in the member states of the United Nations and proposed alternatives to enhance the right of every person to resort to national courts.